Most controversially, Nozick argued that a consistent upholding of the non-aggression principle would allow and regard as valid consensual or non-coercive enslavement contracts between adults. Nozick challenged the partial conclusion of John Rawls' Second Principle of Justice of his A Theory of Justice, that "social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are to be of greatest benefit to the least-advantaged members of society." Anarchy, State, and Utopia claims a heritage from John Locke's Second Treatise on Government and seeks to ground itself upon a natural law doctrine, but reaches some importantly different conclusions from Locke himself in several ways. Nozick appealed to the Kantian idea that people should be treated as ends (what he termed 'separateness of persons'), not merely as a means to some other end. For Nozick, a distribution of goods is just if brought about by free exchange among consenting adults from a just starting position, even if large inequalities subsequently emerge from the process. There, Nozick argues that only a minimal state "limited to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, enforcement of contracts, and so on" could be justified without violating people's rights. They were colleagues at Harvard, and Nozicke took up the naturally opposing side Rawls: a state that infringes on too many liberties is unjustified, so getting as close to anarchy (in the sense of “no government”) is the only justifiable state.įor Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974) Nozick received a National Book Award in category Philosophy and Religion.
He is best known for his books Philosophical Explanations (1981), which included his counterfactual theory of knowledge, and Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), a libertarian answer to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice (1971). He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University, and was president of the American Philosophical Association.
Robert Nozick 50 (/ˈnoʊzɪk/ Novem– January 23, 2002) was an American philosopher.
\)Ģ5 Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Robert Nozick)
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